Deep learning (DL) is a subset of machine learning that uses neural networks with three or more layers to simulate the behavior of the human brain. Deep learning models are popular because they can learn from large amounts of data and perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence to complete. Deep learning models include convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), long short-term memory networks (LSTMs), restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs), autoencoders, generative adversarial networks (GANs), residual neural networks (ResNets), self-organizing maps (SOMs), deep belief networks (DBNs), and multilayer perceptrons (MLPs).